I-sodium hydroxide, i-caustic soda

Incazelo emfushane:

I-sodium hydroxide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-caustic soda, i-caustic soda ne-caustic soda, iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic enefomula yamakhemikhali ye-NaOH.I-sodium hydroxide ine-alkaline kakhulu futhi igqwala.Ingasetshenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, i-ejenti yokufihla ubuso, i-precipitator, i-ejenti yokufihla imvula, i-ejenti ethuthukisa umbala, i-saponifier, i-ejenti ecwecwayo, okokuhlanza, njll., futhi inokusetshenziswa okubanzi.

* Isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi futhi inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza

* I-sodium hydroxide inomthelela olimazayo kumafayibha, isikhumba, ingilazi, izitsha zobumba, njll., futhi izokhipha ukushisa lapho incibilika noma ihlanjululwa ngesisombululo esigxilile.

* I-sodium hydroxide kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle.


Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Omaka bomkhiqizo

I-Caustic Soda

I-sodium hydroxide, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-caustic sodafuthi waziwa ngele-"Brother's" e-Hong Kong ngenxa yalesi sidlaliso.Kuyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic kanye nekristalu emhlophe emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile, nokugqwala okuqinile.I-alkali evame kakhulu, futhi inobukhona bayo embonini yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, yokwenza iphepha, i-petroleum, indwangu, ukudla, ngisho nezimboni zezimonyo nezikhilimu.

I-sodium hydroxide incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi ikhipha ukushisa okuningi lapho kukhona amanzi nesitimu.Lapho kuvezwa emoyeni, i-sodium hydroxide izomunca umswakama emoyeni, futhi kancane kancane ichitheke lapho ubuso bumanzi, yilokhu esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi "deliquescence "Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izosabela nge-carbon dioxide emoyeni futhi iwonakele. .Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe ekugcinweni nasekufakweni kwe-sodium hydroxide.Ngaphezu kwezici zokuncibilika emanzini, i-sodium hydroxide nayo iyancibilika ku-ethanol, glycerol, kodwa hhayi ku-ether, i-acetone, ne-ammonia ewuketshezi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide aqueous sine-alkaline kakhulu, sine-astringent futhi sinamafutha, futhi sinokubola okuqinile.

I-sodium hydroxide ethengiswa emakethe ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-soda eqinile eqinile kanye nesoda ye-caustic ewuketshezi.Phakathi kwazo, i-soda ehlanzekile eqinile ye-caustic imhlophe, ngendlela ye-block, ishidi, induku kanye nezinhlayiya, futhi i-brittle;I-liquid caustic soda ehlanzekile iwuketshezi olungenambala futhi olusobala.

Isicelo

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Kusukela emvelweni we-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium hydroxide inemiphumela elimazayo kumafayibha, isikhumba, ingilazi, izitsha zobumba, njll;Ingathathi hlangothi nge-acids ukwakha usawoti namanzi;Isabela nge-aluminiyamu yensimbi ne-zinc, i-boron engeyona eyensimbi ne-silicon ukuze kukhishwe i-hydrogen;Ukusabela okungafani ne-chlorine, i-bromine, i-iodine namanye ama-halogens;Ingakwazi ukudonsa ama-ion ensimbi asuka kusisombululo samanzi abe yi-hydroxide;Ingenza amafutha abe saponify futhi akhiqize usawoti wesodium ohambisanayo notshwala be-organic acid, okubuye kube isimiso sokususa amabala kawoyela endwangu.Kuyabonakala ukuthi i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi.Umkhakha osebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, okulandelwa ukwenziwa kwephepha, ukuncibilikisa i-aluminium, ukuncibilikisa i-tungsten, i-rayon, i-rayon nensipho.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizeni udayi, amapulasitiki, imithi kanye ne-organic intermediates, ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, i-electrolysis yensimbi ye-sodium namanzi, nokukhiqizwa kosawoti wezinto ezingaphili, ukukhiqizwa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njll. , futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu le-caustic soda.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-sodium hydroxide ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza i-polycarbonate, i-polymer emunca kakhulu, i-zeolite, i-epoxy resin, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium sulfite kanye nenani elikhulu likasawoti we-sodium.Ekuhlaziyeni i-sodium hydroxide, sishilo ukuthi i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, ukwenza iphepha, i-petroleum, indwangu, ukudla ngisho nezimonyo ukhilimu.

Manje, sizokwethula ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngokuningiliziwe.

1, Chemical izinto zokusetshenziswa:

Njenge-alkaline chemical material eluhlaza, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-borax, i-sodium cyanide, i-formic acid, i-oxalic acid, i-phenol, njll., noma isetshenziswe embonini yamakhemikhali e-inorganic kanye nomkhakha wamakhemikhali we-organic.

1)Imboni yamakhemikhali engaphili:

① Isetshenziselwa ukwenza usawoti omningi we-sodium nama-hydroxide ensimbi esindayo.

② Isetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwe-alkaline kwezinsimbi.

③ Lungisa inani le-pH lezixazululo ezihlukahlukene zokusabela.

2)Imboni yamakhemikhali e-organic:

① I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukusabela kwe-saponification ukukhiqiza i-nucleophilic anionic intermediate.

② I-Dehalogenation yama-halogenated compounds.

③ Izinhlanganisela ze-Hydroxyl zikhiqizwa ukuncibilika kwe-alkali.

④ I-alkali yamahhala ikhiqizwa kusawoti we-organic alkali.

⑤ Isetshenziswa njenge-alkaline catalyst kumakhemikhali amaningi aphilayo.

2, Ukukhiqizwa okokuhlanza

Amafutha e-sodium hydroxide saponified angasetshenziswa ukwenza insipho futhi asabelane ne-alkyl aromatics sulfonic acid ukukhiqiza ingxenye esebenzayo yokuhlanza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza i-sodium phosphate njengengxenye yokuhlanza.

1)Insipho:

Ukukhiqizwa kwensipho yindlela endala futhi ebanzi kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-caustic soda.

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwansuku zonke.Kuze kube namuhla, isidingo sesoda ye-caustic yensipho, insipho nezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokuwasha sisabala cishe u-15% we-caustic soda.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yamafutha namafutha yemifino yi-triglyceride (triacylglycerol)

I-alkali hydrolysis equation yayo yile:

(RCOO) 3C3H5 (amafutha)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONA) (i-sodium enamafutha aphezulu)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)

Lokhu kusabela kuwumgomo wokukhiqiza insipho, ngakho-ke kuqanjwe ukusabela kwe-saponification.

Yiqiniso, isisekelo sika-R kule nqubo singahluka, kodwa i-R-COONA ekhiqiziwe ingasetshenziswa njengensipho.

Okujwayelekile R - yilezi:

I-C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, i-R-COOH i-oleic acid.

I-C15H31 -: i-n-pentadecyl, i-R-COOH i-palmitic acid.

I-C17H35 -: i-n-octadecyl, i-R-COOH i-stearic acid.

2)Okokuhlanza:

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokuhlanza ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngisho nempushana yokuwasha yanamuhla (i-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate nezinye izakhi) nayo ikhiqizwa ngenani elikhulu le-caustic soda, esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukufutheka ngokweqile kwe-sulfuric acid ngemva kokusabela kwe-sulfonation.

3. Imboni yezindwangu

I-1) Imboni yendwangu ivame ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukukhiqiza i-viscose fiber.Imicu yokwenziwa, efana ne-rayon, i-rayon, kanye ne-rayon, ngokuvamile imicu ye-viscose, eyenziwe nge-cellulose, i-sodium hydroxide, ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zibe isixazululo se-viscose, bese iphothwa futhi ifinyezwe.

2) I-sodium hydroxide nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwefayibha nokudaya, kanye nokwenza i-mercerizing fiber fiber.Ngemuva kokuthi indwangu kakotini iphathwe ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, i-wax, amafutha, isitashi nezinye izinto ezimboza indwangu kakotini zingasuswa, futhi umbala we-mercerizing wendwangu ungandiswa ukuze wenze ukudaya kube okufanayo.

4. Ukuncibilika

1) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukucubungula i-bauxite ukuze ukhiphe i-alumina ehlanzekile;

2) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukuze ukhiphe i-tungstate njengempahla eluhlaza yokuncibilikisa i-tungsten ku-wolframite;

3) I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-zinc alloy kanye ne-zinc ingot;

4) Ngemva kokugezwa nge-sulfuric acid, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum isaqukethe izinto ezine-acidic.Kumele zigezwe nge-sodium hydroxide solution bese ziwashwa ngamanzi ukuze zithole imikhiqizo ecolisisiwe.

5, Umuthi

I-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane.Lungiselela isisombululo samanzi se-caustic soda esingu-1% noma esingu-2%, esingasetshenziswa njengesibulala magciwane embonini yokudla, futhi singabulala amathuluzi, imishini, nezindawo zokusebenzela ezingcoliswe ukungcola kwamafutha noma ushukela ogxilile.

6. Ukwenza iphepha

I-sodium hydroxide idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yephepha.Ngenxa yemvelo yayo ye-alkaline, isetshenziselwa inqubo yokubilisa kanye ne-bleaching paper.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwenziwa kwamaphepha ziyizitshalo zokhuni noma zotshani, ezingaqukethe i-cellulose kuphela, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (lignin, gum, njll.).Ukwengeza isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide ehlanjululwe kungancibilikisa futhi kuhlukanise izingxenye ezingezona i-cellulose, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze i-pulp ne-cellulose njengengxenye eyinhloko.

7. Ukudla

Ekucutshungulweni kokudla, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukucwecwa i-lye yesithelo.Ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esetshenziselwa ukuxebula kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo.Isibonelo, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-0.8% sisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amawolintshi asethinini ngesiraphu egcwele ushukela e-de-coated;Isibonelo, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ene-concentration ye-13% ~ 16% isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-peach yamanzi ashukela.

I-National Food Safety Standard yaseShayina Yokusetshenziswa Kwezithako Zokudla (GB2760-2014) ibeka ukuthi i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njengosizo lokucubungula embonini yokudla, futhi okusele akukhawulelwe.

8, Ukwelashwa kwamanzi

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi.Ezitshalweni zokuhlanza indle, i-sodium hydroxide inganciphisa ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi.Emkhakheni wezimboni, kuwukuvuselela kabusha kwe-ion exchange resin resin.I-sodium hydroxide ine-alkalinity eqinile kanye nokuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini.Ngenxa yokuthi i-sodium hydroxide inokuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini, kulula ukukala umthamo futhi ingasetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide ekwelapheni amanzi kuhlanganisa amaphuzu alandelayo:

1) Susa ubulukhuni bamanzi;

2) Lungisa inani le-pH lamanzi;

3) Ukungathathi hlangothi kwamanzi angcolile;

4) Khipha ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini ngokusebenzisa imvula;

5) Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-ion exchange resin.

9, Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa njenge-reagent, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-alkaline desiccant ngenxa yokumuncwa kwayo okuqinile kwamanzi kanye nokungabi nalutho.Ingakwazi futhi ukumunca igesi ye-asidi (isibonelo, ekuhloleni ukushiswa kwesulfure kumoya-mpilo, isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide singafakwa ebhodleleni ukuze simunce i-sulphur dioxide enobuthi).

Ngamafuphi, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, ukwenza iphepha, ukuncibilikisa i-aluminium, ukuncibilikisa i-tungsten, i-rayon, ukotini wokwenziwa nensipho, kanye nasekukhiqizeni odayi, amapulasitiki, imithi kanye ne-organic intermediates. , ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-sodium, i-electrolysis yamanzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kukasawoti we-inorganic, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njll, okudinga inani elikhulu le-caustic soda, okungukuthi i-sodium hydroxide.

10, Umkhakha wezamandla

Emkhakheni wamandla, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli kaphethiloli.Njengamabhethri, ama-fuel cell anganikeza amandla ahlanzekile nasebenza kahle ezinsizeni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha, ukuphatha izinto ezibonakalayo, nezinhlelo zamandla ezigxilile, eziphathwayo neziphuthumayo.I-epoxy resin eyenziwe ngokungeza i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziselwa izinjini zomoya.

Umhlahlandlela Womthengi

Isingeniso:

I-anhydrous sodium hydroxide ehlanzekile iyi-crystal translucent solid solid.I-sodium hydroxide incibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi ukuncibilika kwayo kuyanda ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa.Uma ihlakazeka, ingakhulula ukushisa okuningi.Ku-288K, ukugxiliswa kwayo kwesisombululo esigcwele kungafinyelela ku-26.4 mol/L (1:1).Isixazululo saso esinamanzi sinokunambitha kwe-astringent nomuzwa onamafutha.Isixazululo sine-alkaline enamandla futhi sinazo zonke izici ezijwayelekile ze-alkali.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesoda ye-caustic ethengiswa emakethe: i-soda eqinile ye-caustic imhlophe, futhi isesimweni sebhulokhi, ishidi, induku kanye ne-granule, futhi i-brittle;I-liquid caustic soda ehlanzekile iwuketshezi olungenambala futhi olusobala.I-sodium hydroxide nayo iyancibilika ku-ethanol ne-glycerol;Kodwa-ke, ayincibiliki ku-ether, i-acetone ne-ammonia ewuketshezi.

Ukubukeka:

I-crystalline ekhanyayo ekhanyayo eqinile

Isitoreji:

Gcina i-sodium hydroxide esitsheni esingangeni manzi, uyibeke endaweni ehlanzekile nepholile, futhi uyihlukanise nendawo yokusebenza kanye nezithiyo.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe nezinto ezihlukene zokungenisa umoya.Ukupakishwa, ukulayishwa kanye nokulayishwa kwe-flake eqinile kanye ne-granular caustic soda kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela ukuvimbela iphakheji ukuthi ingalimazi emzimbeni womuntu.

Sebenzisa:

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi.Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa njenge-reagent ekuhlolweni kwamakhemikhali, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-alkaline desiccant ngenxa yokumuncwa kwayo okuqinile kwamanzi.I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kakhulu emnothweni wezwe, futhi iminyango eminingi yezimboni iyayidinga.Umkhakha osebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, okulandelwa ukwenziwa kwephepha, ukuncibilikisa i-aluminium, ukuncibilikisa i-tungsten, i-rayon, i-rayon nensipho.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizeni udayi, amapulasitiki, imithi kanye ne-organic intermediates, ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, i-electrolysis yensimbi ye-sodium namanzi, nokukhiqizwa kosawoti wezinto ezingaphili, ukukhiqizwa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njll. , futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu le-caustic soda.

Ukupakisha:

Isoda ye-industrial caustic soda kufanele ifakwe ezigubhu zensimbi noma kwezinye iziqukathi ezivaliwe ezinogqinsi oluyi-0 Ngaphezu kuka-5mm, ukumelana nengcindezi ngaphezu kuka-0.5Pa, isivalo somphongolo kufanele sivalwe ngokuqinile, isisindo senetha somphongolo ngamunye singama-200kg, futhi i-alkali ye-flake ingu-25kg.Iphakheji izomakwa ngokucacile "ngezinto ezibolayo".Uma i-caustic soda ewuketshezi edliwayo ithuthwa ngemoto yethangi noma ithangi lokugcina, kufanele ihlanzwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa kabili.

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I-DSCF6908

Impendulo yomthengi

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Izinga lemikhiqizo liphakeme ngokuphelele.Ngamangala, isimo sengqondo senkonzo yenkampani kusukela ngesikhathi sokwamukela uphenyo kuze kube yisikhathi lapho ngiqinisekisa ukuthi ukwamukela izimpahla kwakusezingeni lokuqala, okwangenza ngazizwa ngifudumele kakhulu futhi ngijabule kakhulu.

Inkonzo yenkampani iyamangaza ngempela.Zonke izimpahla ezitholiwe zipakishwe kahle futhi zinamathiselwe amamaki afanele.Ukupakishwa kuqinile futhi isivinini sokuhamba siyashesha.

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Lapho ngikhetha ozakwethu, ngathola ukuthi isithembiso senkampani sasingabiza kakhulu, ikhwalithi yamasampuli atholiwe nayo yayiyinhle kakhulu, nezitifiketi zokuhlola ezifanele zinamathiselwe.Bekuwukubambisana okuhle!

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