I-sodium hydroxide, i-caustic soda

2, Ukukhiqizwa okokuhlanza

Amafutha e-sodium hydroxide saponified angasetshenziswa ukwenza insipho futhi asabelane ne-alkyl aromatics sulfonic acid ukukhiqiza ingxenye esebenzayo yokuhlanza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza i-sodium phosphate njengengxenye yokuhlanza.

1)Insipho:

Ukukhiqizwa kwensipho yindlela endala futhi ebanzi kakhulu yokusebenzisa i-caustic soda.

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwansuku zonke.Kuze kube namuhla, isidingo sesoda ye-caustic yensipho, insipho nezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokuwasha sisabala cishe u-15% we-caustic soda.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yamafutha namafutha yemifino yi-triglyceride (triacylglycerol)

I-alkali hydrolysis equation yayo yile:

(RCOO) 3C3H5 (amafutha)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONA) (i-sodium enamafutha aphezulu)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)

Lokhu kusabela kuwumgomo wokukhiqiza insipho, ngakho-ke kuqanjwe ukusabela kwe-saponification.

Yiqiniso, isisekelo sika-R kule nqubo singahluka, kodwa i-R-COONA ekhiqiziwe ingasetshenziswa njengensipho.

Okujwayelekile R - yilezi:

I-C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, i-R-COOH i-oleic acid.

I-C15H31 -: i-n-pentadecyl, i-R-COOH i-palmitic acid.

I-C17H35 -: i-n-octadecyl, i-R-COOH i-stearic acid.

2)Okokuhlanza:

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto zokuhlanza ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngisho nempushana yokuwasha yanamuhla (i-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate nezinye izakhi) nayo ikhiqizwa ngenani elikhulu le-caustic soda, esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukufutheka ngokweqile kwe-sulfuric acid ngemva kokusabela kwe-sulfonation.

3. Imboni yezindwangu

I-1) Imboni yendwangu ivame ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukukhiqiza i-viscose fiber.Imicu yokwenziwa, efana ne-rayon, i-rayon, kanye ne-rayon, ngokuvamile imicu ye-viscose, eyenziwe nge-cellulose, i-sodium hydroxide, ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zibe isixazululo se-viscose, bese iphothwa futhi ifinyezwe.

2) I-sodium hydroxide nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwefayibha nokudaya, kanye nokwenza i-mercerizing fiber fiber.Ngemuva kokuthi indwangu kakotini iphathwe ngesisombululo se-caustic soda, i-wax, amafutha, isitashi nezinye izinto ezimboza indwangu kakotini zingasuswa, futhi umbala we-mercerizing wendwangu ungandiswa ukuze wenze ukudaya kube okufanayo.

4. Ukuncibilika

1) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukucubungula i-bauxite ukuze ukhiphe i-alumina ehlanzekile;

2) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukuze ukhiphe i-tungstate njengempahla eluhlaza yokuncibilikisa i-tungsten ku-wolframite;

3) I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-zinc alloy kanye ne-zinc ingot;

4) Ngemva kokugezwa nge-sulfuric acid, imikhiqizo ye-petroleum isaqukethe izinto ezine-acidic.Kumele zigezwe nge-sodium hydroxide solution bese ziwashwa ngamanzi ukuze zithole imikhiqizo ecolisisiwe.

5, Umuthi

I-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane.Lungiselela isisombululo samanzi se-caustic soda esingu-1% noma esingu-2%, esingasetshenziswa njengesibulala magciwane embonini yokudla, futhi singabulala amathuluzi, imishini, nezindawo zokusebenzela ezingcoliswe ukungcola kwamafutha noma ushukela ogxilile.

6. Ukwenza iphepha

I-sodium hydroxide idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yephepha.Ngenxa yemvelo yayo ye-alkaline, isetshenziselwa inqubo yokubilisa kanye ne-bleaching paper.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokwenziwa kwamaphepha ziyizitshalo zokhuni noma zotshani, ezingaqukethe i-cellulose kuphela, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (lignin, gum, njll.).Ukwengeza isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide ehlanjululwe kungancibilikisa futhi kuhlukanise izingxenye ezingezona i-cellulose, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze i-pulp ne-cellulose njengengxenye eyinhloko.

7. Ukudla

Ekucutshungulweni kokudla, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukucwecwa i-lye yesithelo.Ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esetshenziselwa ukuxebula kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo.Isibonelo, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esingu-0.8% sisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amawolintshi asethinini ngesiraphu egcwele ushukela e-de-coated;Isibonelo, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ene-concentration ye-13% ~ 16% isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-peach yamanzi ashukela.

I-National Food Safety Standard yaseShayina Yokusetshenziswa Kwezithako Zokudla (GB2760-2014) ibeka ukuthi i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njengosizo lokucubungula embonini yokudla, futhi okusele akukhawulelwe.

8, Ukwelashwa kwamanzi

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi.Ezitshalweni zokuhlanza indle, i-sodium hydroxide inganciphisa ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi.Emkhakheni wezimboni, kuwukuvuselela kabusha kwe-ion exchange resin resin.I-sodium hydroxide ine-alkalinity eqinile kanye nokuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini.Ngenxa yokuthi i-sodium hydroxide inokuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini, kulula ukukala umthamo futhi ingasetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide ekwelapheni amanzi kuhlanganisa amaphuzu alandelayo:

1) Susa ubulukhuni bamanzi;

2) Lungisa inani le-pH lamanzi;

3) Ukungathathi hlangothi kwamanzi angcolile;

4) Khipha ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini ngokusebenzisa imvula;

5) Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-ion exchange resin.

9, Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa njenge-reagent, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-alkaline desiccant ngenxa yokumuncwa kwayo okuqinile kwamanzi kanye nokungabi nalutho.Ingakwazi futhi ukumunca igesi ye-asidi (isibonelo, ekuhloleni ukushiswa kwesulfure kumoya-mpilo, isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide singafakwa ebhodleleni ukuze simunce i-sulphur dioxide enobuthi).

Ngamafuphi, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, ukwenza iphepha, ukuncibilikisa i-aluminium, ukuncibilikisa i-tungsten, i-rayon, ukotini wokwenziwa nensipho, kanye nasekukhiqizeni odayi, amapulasitiki, imithi kanye ne-organic intermediates. , ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-sodium, i-electrolysis yamanzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kukasawoti we-inorganic, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njll, okudinga inani elikhulu le-caustic soda, okungukuthi i-sodium hydroxide.

10, Umkhakha wezamandla

Emkhakheni wamandla, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli kaphethiloli.Njengamabhethri, ama-fuel cell anganikeza amandla ahlanzekile nasebenza kahle ezinsizeni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha, ukuphatha izinto ezibonakalayo, nezinhlelo zamandla ezigxilile, eziphathwayo neziphuthumayo.I-epoxy resin eyenziwe ngokungeza i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziselwa izinjini zomoya.